Saturday, August 4, 2012

十_Let us study about Archangel Michael_十

We know one Japanese who is like Michael . But we need our time to make sure about for that subject because he is already the top blogger of Ise- Hakusan Dou, and even he has the his own grate reincarnation and the Wheel of life.

For those reasons, let us learn about Michael, at same time let us bring up its interesting at here. If you do not know Michael well too, an article from Wikipedia is as below.

ミカエル Michael 

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Thank for letting all of us be to live

*An article by Wikipedia as below the picture*

大天使ミハイル（ミカエル）のイコン。悪魔を踏んでいる。
（シモン・ウシャコフ、1676年、モスクワ・トレチャコフ美術館蔵





Hebrew Bible

Guido Reni's Michael (in Santa Maria della Concezione church, Rome, 1636) tramples Satan. A mosaic of the same painting decorates St. Michael's Altar inSt. Peter's Basilica.
In the Hebrew Scriptures, and hence in the Old Testament, the prophetDaniel experiences a vision after having undergone a period of fasting. In the vision in Daniel 10:13-21 an angel identifies Michael as the protector of Israel. Daniel refers to Michael as a "prince of the first rank".[6] Later in the vision in Daniel 12:1 Daniel is informed about the role of Michael during the "time of the End" when there will be "distress such as has not happened from the beginning of nations" and that:[7]
“At that time Michael, the great prince who protects your people, will arise."
In view of this, Michael is seen as playing an important role as the protector of Israel, and later of the Christian Church.
Although the three references to Michael in the Book of Daniel 10:13, 10:21 and 12:1 are to the same individual who acts in similar ways in all three cases, the last one is set at the "end times" while the first two refer to local time in Persia.[8] These are the only three references to Archangel Michael in the Hebrew Bible.[9]
The references to the "captain of the host of the Lord" encountered byJoshua in the early days of his campaigns in the Promised Land (Joshua 5:13-15) have at times been interpreted as Michael the Archangel, but there is no theological basis for that assumption, given that Joshua then worshiped this figure, and angels are not to be worshiped. Some scholars also point that the figure may refer to God himself.[10][11] In the book of Joshua's account of the fall of Jericho, Joshua "looked up and saw a man standing in front of him with a drawn sword in his hand". When the still unaware Joshua asks which side of the fight the Archangel is on, the response was, "neither...but as commander of the army of the Lord I have now come".

Judaism

According to rabbinic Jewish tradition, Michael acted as the advocate of Israel, and sometimes had to fight with the princes of the other nations (cf. Daniel 10:13) and particularly with the angel Samael, Israel's accuser. Michael's enmity with Samael dates from the time when the latter was thrown down from heaven. Samael took hold of the wings of Michael, whom he wished to bring down with him in his fall; but Michael was saved by God.[16][17] Michael is also said to have had a dispute with Samael over the soul of Moses.[18]

Michael in Hebrew
The idea that Michael was the advocate of the Jews became so prevalent that in spite of the rabbinical prohibition against appealing to angels as intermediaries between God and his people, Michael came to occupy a certain place in the Jewish liturgy. There were two prayers written beseeching him as the prince of mercy to intercede in favor of Israel: one composed by Eliezer ha-Kalir, and the other by Judah ben Samuel he-Hasid. But appeal to Michael seems to have been more common in ancient times. Thus Jeremiah is said to have addressed a prayer to him.[19] "When a man is in need he must pray directly to God, and neither to Michael nor to Gabriel."[20]
The rabbis declare that Michael entered upon his role of defender at the time of the biblical patriarchs. Thus, according to Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob, it was Michael who rescued Abraham from the furnace into which he had been thrown by Nimrod (Midrash Genesis Rabbah xliv. 16). It was Michael, the "one that had escaped" (Genesis 14:13), who told Abraham that Lot had been taken captive (Midrash Pirke R. El.), and who protected Sarah from being defiled by Abimelech. He announced to Sarah that she would bear a son and he rescued Lot at the destruction of Sodom.[21]





Major shrines

For a larger gallery (and hence a structured list) of church images, please see: Saint Michael church gallery.

[edit]Legends

[edit]Judaism

There is a legend which seems to be of Jewish origin, and which was adopted by the Copts, to the effect that Michael was first sent by God to bringNebuchadnezzar (c. 600 BC) against Jerusalem, and that Michael was afterward very active in freeing his nation from Babylonian captivity.[78]According to midrash Genesis Rabbah, Michael saved Hananiah and his companions from the Fiery furnace.[79] Michael was active in the time ofEsther: "The more Haman accused Israel on earth, the more Michael defended Israel in heaven".[80] It was Michael who reminded Ahasuerus that he wasMordecai's debtor;[81] and there is a legend that Michael appeared to the high priest Hyrcanus, promising him assistance.[82]

[edit]Christendom


A 12th-century icon of the Miracle at Chonae, from Saint Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai.
The Orthodox Church celebrates theMiracle at Chonae on September 6.[25]The legend states that the pagans directed a stream against the sanctuary of St Michael to destroy it, but Archippus (the custodian) prayed to Michael, the archangel appeared and split the rock to open up a new bed for the stream, directing the flow away from the church and sanctifying forever the waters which came from the new gorge.[25] The spring which came forth after this event is said to have special healing powers.[83] The legend existed in earlier times, but the 5th-7th century texts that refer to the miracle at Chonae formed the basis of specific paradigms for "properly approaching" angelic intermediaries for more effective prayers within the Christian culture.[84]
There is a late 5th century legend in Cornwall, UK that the Archangel appeared to fishermen on St Michael's Mount.[85] According to author Richard Freeman Johnson this legend is likely a nationalistic twist to a myth.[85] Cornish legends also hold that the mount itself was constructed by giants[86] and that King Arthur battled a giant there.[87]

Castel Sant'Angelo in Rome, with Michael's statue atop.
The legend of the apparition of the Archangel at around 490 AD at a secluded hilltop cave on Monte Garganoin Italy gained a following among theLombards in the immediate period thereafter, and by the 8th century pilgrims arrived from as far away as England.[88] The Roman Breviary then recorded it on May 8, the date on which the Lombards attributed their 663 victory over the Greek Neopolitan to the intercession of the Archangel.[25] The Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo at Gargano is a major Catholic pilgrimage site.
According to Roman legends, while a devastating plague persisted in Rome, Archangel Michael appeared with a sword over the mausoleum of Hadrian, in apparent answer to the prayers of Pope St Gregory I the Great (c. 590-604) that the plague should cease. After the plague ended, in honor of the occasion, the pope called the mausoleum "Castel Sant'Angelo" (Castle of the Holy Angel), the name by which it is still known.[25][27]

The Mont-Saint-Michel in Normandy, France
According to Norman legend, Michael is said to have appeared to St Aubert,Bishop of Avranches, in 708, giving instruction to build a church on the rocky islet now known as Mont Saint Michel.[89][90][91] In 966 the Duke of Normandy commissioned a Benedictineabbey on the mount, and it remains a major pilgrimage site.[91]
A Portuguese Carmelite nun, Antónia d'Astónaco, had reported an apparition and private revelation of the Archangel Michael who had told to this devoted Servant of God, in 1751, that he would like to be honored, and God glorified, by the praying of nine special invocations. These nine invocations correspond to invocations to the nine choirs of angels and origins the famous Chaplet of Saint Michael. This private revelation and prayers were approved by Pope Pius IX in 1851.[92][93]
From 1961 to 1965, four young schoolgirls had reported several apparitions of Archangel Michael in the small village of Garabandal, Spain. At Garabandal, the apparitions of the Archangel Michael were mainly reported as announcing the arrivals of the Virgin Mary. The Catholic Church has neither approved, nor condemned the Garabandal apparitions.[94]

[edit]Art and literature

[edit]In literature

In the English epic poem Paradise Lost by John Milton, Michael commands the army of angels loyal to God against the rebel forces of Satan. Armed with a sword from God's armory, he bests Satan in personal combat, wounding his side.[95]

[edit]Artistic depictions

Main article: Archangel Michael in Christian art

Early 20th century Russian iconof the 7 Holy Angels, with Michael in the front.
Most Jewish teachings interpret theSecond Commandment as against the use of "graven images" as visual art.[96] Islamic art's focus on calligraphy, rather than painting and sculpture, similarly derives from the association of idolatry with the depiction of human or angelic forms.[97][98]
In Christian art, Archangel Michael may be depicted alone or with other angels such asGabriel. Some depictions with Gabriel date back to the 8th century, e.g. the stone casket at Notre Dame de Mortain church in France.[99]
The widely reproduced image of Our Mother of Perpetual Help, an icon of the Cretan school, depicts Michael on the left carrying the lance and sponge of the crucifixion of Jesus, with Gabriel on the right side of Mary and Jesus.[100]
In many depictions Michael is represented as an angelic warrior, fully armed with helmet, sword, and shield.[25] The shield may bears the Latin inscriptionQuis ut Deus.[101] He may be standing over a serpent, a dragon, or the defeated figure of Satan, whom he sometimes pierces with a lance.[25] The iconography of Michael slaying a serpent goes back to the early 4th century, when Emperor Constantine defeated Licinius at the Battle of Adrianople in 324 AD, not far from the Michaelion a church dedicated to Archangel Michael.[9]
Constantine felt that Licinius was an agent of Satan, and associated him with the serpent described in the Book of Revelation (12:9).[102] After the victory, Constantine commissioned a depiction of himself and his sons slaying Licinius represented as a serpent - a symbolism borrowed from the Christian teachings on the Archangel to whom he attributed the victory. A similar painting, this time with the Archangel Michael himself slaying a serpent then became a major art piece at the Michaelion and eventually lead to the standard iconography of Archangel Michael as a warrior saint.[9]
In other depictions Michael may be holding a pair of scales in which he weighs the souls of the departed and may hold the book of life (as in the Book of Revelation), to show that he takes part in the judgment.[25][99] However this form of depiction is less common than the slaying of the dragon.[99]Michelangelo depicted this scene on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel.[103]
In Byzantine art Michael was often shown as a princely court dignitary, rather than a warrior who battled Satan or with scales for weighing souls on the Day of Judgement.[104]

[edit]See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Archangel Michael

[edit]References

  1. ^ Alban Butler, The lives of the fathers, martyrs, and other principal saints Published by B. Dornin, 1821 page 117
  2. ^ "Bible gateway, Daniel 12:1". Biblegateway.com. Retrieved 2010-07-21.
  3. ^http://www.jcpdes.com/stmichael.html
  4. ^http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=308
  5. ^ Studies in Revelation by Hampton J. Keathley, 3rd, J. Hampton Keathley III 1997 ISBN 0-7375-0008-5 page 209 [1]
  6. ^ Who's who in the Jewish Bibleby David Mandel 2007 ISBN 0-8276-0863-2 page 270
  7. ^ Daniel: Wisdom to the Wise: Commentary on the Book of Daniel by Zdravko Stefanovic 2007 ISBN 0-8163-2212-0 page 391
  8. ^ Daniel: a reader's guide by William H. Shea 2005 ISBN 0-8163-2077-2 pages 270-271
  9. ^ a b c d e Saint Michael the Archangel in medieval English legend by Richard Freeman Johnson 2005 ISBN 1-84383-128-7 pages 33-34
  10. ^ Yahshua, the Man Behind the Glory by Jarid Miller ISBN 1-4500-9880-0 pages 15-16
  11. ^ Joshua by J. Gordon McConville, Stephen Williams 2010 ISBN 0-8028-2702-0 pages 29-30
  12. ^ a b Revelation 12-22 by John MacArthur 2000 ISBN 0-8024-0774-9 pages 13-14
  13. ^ a b The encyclopedia of angelsby Rosemary Guiley 2004 ISBN 0-8160-5023-6 page 49
  14. ^ a b John A. Lees, "Michael" in James Orr (editor), The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (Eerdmans 1939)
  15. ^ a b Qur'an, sura 2 (Al-Baqara), ayat 98 Quran 2:98
  16. ^ Midrash Pirke R. El. xxvi
  17. ^ "Jewish Encyclopedia - Michael". Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  18. ^ Midrash Deut. Rabbah xi. 6
  19. ^ Baruch Apoc. Ethiopic, ix. 5
  20. ^ Yer. Ber. ix. 13a
  21. ^ Talmud B. M. 86b
  22. ^ Midrash Abkir, in Yalḳ., Gen. 110
  23. ^ Targum of Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 32:25; Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer, xxxvii
  24. ^ Midrash Exodus Rabbah xviii. 5
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Catholic encyclopedia: ''St. Michael the Archangel''". Newadvent.org. 1911-10-01. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  26. ^ Sacred and Legendary Art by Anna Jameson 2004 ISBN 0-7661-8144-8 page 92
  27. ^ a b Alban Butler, The lives of the fathers, martyrs, and other principal saints Published by J. Duffy, 1866 page 320
  28. ^ [http://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&tbo=1&q=Cadwallader+Michael+Chonai&btnG=Alan H. Cadwallader, Michael Trainor, Colossae in Space and Time (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2011 ISBN 978-3-525-53397-0), p. 323}
  29. ^ "Catholic encyclopedia". Newadvent.org. 1911-10-01. Retrieved 2010-07-21.
  30. ^ Donna-Marie O'Boyle, Catholic Saints Prayer Book OSV Publishing, 2008 ISBN 1-59276-285-9 page 60
  31. ^ Mirabai Starr, Saint Michael: The Archangel, Published by Sounds True, 2007 ISBN 1-59179-627-Xpage 2
  32. ^ Mirabai Starr, Saint Michael: The Archangel, 2007 ISBN 1-59179-627-X page 39
  33. ^ Alban Butler, The lives of the fathers, martyrs, and other principal saints Published by B. Dornin, 1821 page 117
  34. ^ a b Michael McGrath, Patrons and Protectors Published by Liturgy Training, 2001 ISBN 1-56854-109-0
  35. ^ EWTN Prayer to St Michael [2]
  36. ^ Matthew Bunson The Catholic Almanac's Guide to the ChurchOSV Publishing, 2001 ISBN 0-87973-914-2 page 315
  37. ^ Amy Welborn, The Words We Pray Loyola Press, 2004 ISBN 0-8294-1956-X, page 101
  38. ^ Ann Ball, 2003 Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and PracticesISBN 0-87973-910-X page 123
  39. ^ EWTN The Chaplet of St. Michael the Archangel
  40. ^ a b Eastern Orthodoxy through Western eyes by Donald Fairbairn 2002 ISBN 0-664-22497-0 page 148
  41. ^ Jane Baun, Tales from Another Byzantium (Cambridge University Press 2007 ISBN 978-0-521-82395-1), p. 391 et passim
  42. ^ Eastern Orthodox Theology: A Contemporary Reader by Daniel B. Clendenin 2003 ISBN 0801026512 page 75
  43. ^ a b The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity by John Anthony McGuckin 2011 ISBN 1405185392 page 30
  44. ^ a b The Eastern Orthodox Church: Its Thought and Life by Ernst Benz 2008 ISBN 0202362981 page 16
  45. ^ A Geography of Russia and Its Neighbors by Mikhail S. Blinnikov 2010 ISBN page 203
  46. ^ Architectures of Russian Identity, 1500 to the Present by James Cracraft 2003 ISBN 0801488281page 42
  47. ^ Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity by Otto Friedrich August Meinardus 2010 ISBN 977-424-757-4 pages 27, 117, 147
  48. ^ Money, Land and Trade: An Economic History of the Muslim Mediterranean by Nelly Hanna 2002 ISBN 1-86064-699-9 page 226
  49. ^ Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia by Phyllis G. Jestice 2004 ISBN 1-57607-355-6 page 888
  50. ^ The Anglican Service Book: A Traditional Language Adaptation of the 1979 Book of Common Prayer Together With the Psalter or Psalms of David & Additional Devotations 1991 ISBN 0-9629955-0-9 pages 238-239
  51. ^ Renewal Theology: Systematic Theology from a Charismatic Perspective by J. Rodman Williams 1996 ISBN 0-310-20914-5 page 183
  52. ^ The Encyclopedia of Angels by Rosemary Guiley 2004 ISBN 0-8160-5023-6 page 31
  53. ^ The Church of England c.1689-c.1833: From Toleration to Tractarianism by John Walsh, Colin Haydon and Stephen Taylor 1993 ISBN 0-521-41732-5 page 47
  54. ^ Frommer's European Cruises & Ports of Call by Jerry Brown and Fran Wenograd Golden 2004ISBN 0-7645-4290-7 page 352
  55. ^ Reasoning from the Scriptures, 1985, Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, p. 218
  56. ^ What Does The Bible Really Teach? Chapter 9 Paragraph 4 under the heading A WAR IN HEAVEN, also see appendix of same publication, pages 218-219. Published by Jehovah's Witnesses 2005.
  57. ^ "Your Leader Is One, the Christ" -The Watchtower - Announcing Jehovah's Kingdom - September 15, 2010, pg 21.
  58. ^ Seventh Day Adventists: What do they believe? by Val Waldeck Pilgrim Publications (April 5, 2005) page 16
  59. ^ "The Remnant". Adventist World. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  60. ^ Seventh-day Adventists Answer Questions on Doctrine, Review and Herald Publishing Association, Washington D.C., 1957. Chapter 8 "Christ, and Michael the Archangel".
  61. ^ a b Bible readings for the homeby 7th Day Adventists, London 1949 page 266 [3]
  62. ^ Jerry A. Moon, The Adventist Trinity Debate Part 1: Historical Overview and The Adventist Trinity Debate Part 2: The Role of Ellen G. White. Copyright 2003 Andrews University Press. See also "The Arian or Anti-Trinitarian Views Presented in Seventh-day Adventist Literature and the Ellen G. White Answer" by Erwin Roy Gane
  63. ^ "The Trinity in Seventh-day Adventist History" by Merlin D. Burt. Ministry February 2009
  64. ^ Millet, Robert L. (February 1998),"The Man Adam", Liahona
  65. ^ Doctrine and Covenants 27:11
  66. ^ Doctrine and Covenants 107:53-56
  67. ^ Doctrine and Covenants 128:21
  68. ^ Saint Michael the Archangel in medieval English legend by Richard Freeman Johnson 2005ISBN 1-84383-128-7 page 105
  69. ^ Icons and saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church by Alfredo Tradigo 2006 ISBN 0-89236-845-4 page 46
  70. ^ The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity 2010 by Ken Parry ISBN 1-4443-3361-5 page 242
  71. ^ Ann Ball, 2003 Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and PracticesISBN 0-87973-910-X page 586
  72. ^ a b The Knights of the Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Later Medieval Europe 1325-1520 by D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre Boulton 2000ISBN 0-85115-795-5 pages 427-428
  73. ^ Noted by Johan Huizinga, The Waning of the Middle Ages (1919, 1924:56.
  74. ^ Angels in the early modern world By Alexandra Walsham, Cambridge University Press, 2006ISBN 0-521-84332-4 page 2008
  75. ^ Patron Saints by Michael Freze 1992 ISBN 0-87973-464-7 page 170
  76. ^ Netherlandish sculpture 1450-1550 by Paul Williamson 2002ISBN 0-8109-6602-6 page 42
  77. ^ All Saints Sisters of the Poor: An Anglican Sisterhood in the Nineteenth Century (Church of England Record Society) by Susan Mumm 200 ISBN 0-85115-728-9 page 48
  78. ^ Amélineau, "Contes et Romans de l'Egypte Chrétienne," ii. 142 et seq
  79. ^ Midrash Genesis Rabbah xliv. 16
  80. ^ Midrash Esther Rabbah iii. 8
  81. ^ Targum to Esther, vi. 1
  82. ^ comp. Josephus, "Ant." xiii. 10, § 3
  83. ^ Alan H. Cadwallader, Michael Trainor, Colossae in Space and Time (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2011 ISBN 978-3-525-53397-0), p. 323
  84. ^ Subtle bodies: representing angels in Byzantium by Glenn Peers 2001 Univ of Calif PressISBN 0-520-22405-1 page 144[4]
  85. ^ a b Saint Michael the Archangel in medieval English legend by Richard Freeman Johnson 2005ISBN 1-84383-128-7 page 68
  86. ^ Popular Romances of the West of England by Robert Hunt 2009ISBN 0-559-12999-8 page 238
  87. ^ Myths and Legends of Britain and Ireland by Richard Jones 2006 ISBN 1-84537-594-7 page 17
  88. ^ The Medieval state: essays presented to James Campbell by John Robert Maddicott, David Michael Palliser, James Campbell 2003 ISBN 1-85285-195-3 pages 10-11
  89. ^ Mont-Saint-Michel: a monk talks about his abbey by Jean-Pierre Mouton, Olivier Mignon 1998ISBN 2-7082-3351-3 pages 55-56
  90. ^ "Catholic encyclopedia ''Mont-Saint-Michel''". Newadvent.org. 1911-10-01. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  91. ^ a b Pilgrimage: from the Ganges to Graceland : an encyclopedia, Volume 1 by Linda Kay Davidson, David Martin Gitlitz 2002 ISBN 1-57607-004-2 page 398
  92. ^ Ann Ball, 2003 Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and PracticesISBN 0-87973-910-X page 123
  93. ^ EWTN The Chaplet of Saint Michael the Archangel
  94. ^ Michael Freze, 1993, Voices, Visions, and Apparitions, OSV Publishing ISBN 0-87973-454-Xpage 267
  95. ^ John Milton, Paradise Lost 1674Book VI line 320
  96. ^ The Ten commandments for Jews, Christians, and others by Roger Van Harn 2007 ISBN 0-8028-2965-1 page 26
  97. ^ Faith & philosophy of Islam by Shamim Akhter 2009 ISBN 81-7835-719-4 page 286
  98. ^ The Everything Understanding Islam Book by Christine Huda Dodge 2003 ISBN 1-58062-783-8page 244
  99. ^ a b c Saint Michael the Archangel in medieval English legend by Richard Freeman Johnson 2005 ISBN 1-84383-128-7 pages 141-147
  100. ^ Icons and saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church by Alfredo Tradigo 2006 ISBN 0-89236-845-4 page 188
  101. ^ Ann Ball, 2003 Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and PracticesISBN 0-87973-910-X page 520
  102. ^ Constantine and the Christian empire by Charles Matson Odahl 2004 ISBN 0-415-17485-6 page 315
  103. ^ "Vatican website: Sistine Chapel". Vaticanstate.va. Retrieved 2010-07-21.
  104. ^ Saints in art by Rosa Giorgi, Stefano Zuffi 2003 ISBN 0-89236-717-2 pages 274-276

[edit]External links



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